Displaying items by tag: Africa

In contrast to many Western nations, Spain is charting an independent path on migration and relations with Africa. While the USA, UK, France, and Germany are reducing development aid, prime minister Pedro Sánchez is deepening his country’s engagement with Africa through investment, diplomacy, and dialogue. The socialist-led government’s strategy emphasises shared prosperity, education, and sustainable growth, reflecting Madrid’s belief that Europe and Africa ‘form part of the same geopolitical space’. Alongside this vision, Spain continues to experience migration pressures, with 45,000 crossing from Africa to Spain or the Canary Islands in 2024. Yet unlike many European leaders, Sánchez acknowledges migrants’ contributions and backs ‘safe, orderly, and regular’ mobility schemes such as ‘circular migration agreements’ which give West Africans short-term visas to come to Spain for limited periods of seasonal work, mainly in agriculture, and then return. By coupling realism with empathy, Sánchez is seeking to balance security with solidarity, presenting a model of cooperation rooted in dignity, opportunity, and mutual benefit.

Cyril Ramaphosa has reaffirmed that the new Gaza ceasefire will not alter his country’s genocide case against Israel at the International Court of Justice. Speaking before parliament, he said South Africa remains committed to pursuing justice, adding that ‘true reconciliation requires accountability’. Filed in December 2023, the case accuses Israel of committing genocidal acts in Gaza and has drawn support from countries including Spain, Ireland, Turkiye, and Colombia. The ICJ has already ordered provisional measures for Israel to prevent further atrocities and allow humanitarian aid, though compliance has been limited. With more than 67,000 Palestinians reported killed since October 2023, global human rights organisations are continuing to press for justice. South Africa also co-chairs the Hague Group, a coalition formed in January 2025 to hold Israel accountable through legal, diplomatic, and economic measures beyond the ICJ proceedings.

Madagascar has plunged deeper into political turmoil after Colonel Michael Randrianirina announced that the military was seizing control of the nation, moments after parliament voted to impeach president Andry Rajoelina. He said that the armed forces would form a governing council and appoint a civilian-led government, suspending both the constitution and the constitutional court. The move followed weeks of youth-led protests over widespread poverty, power shortages, and corruption (see): a critical moment came on 11 October, when Colonel Randrianirina and soldiers from his elite CAPSAT unit joined the demonstrators and turned against the president. The crisis evokes painful memories of Madagascar’s history of coups, including the 2009 uprising that first brought Rajoelina to power. With 75% of citizens living in poverty, frustrations among the young have erupted into demands for reform and dignity. As soldiers and protesters fill the streets, Madagascar stands at a crossroads between renewed authoritarian rule and the hope for democratic renewal.

The military government of Burkina Faso has arrested eight employees of the Netherlands-based International NGO Safety Organisation (INSO), accusing them of ‘spying and treason’. The security minister claims that the group, which includes citizens from France, the Czech Republic, Mali, Senegal, and Burkina Faso, continued operating after a three-month ban for allegedly collecting sensitive security data without authorisation; allegedly they passed information harmful to national security to foreign powers. INSO, which specialises in providing safety support for humanitarian operations, categorically rejected the accusations, insisting that all data it gathers is public and used solely to protect aid workers. The arrests come amid Burkina Faso’s growing estrangement from Western nations and its realignment with Russia, along with Mali and Niger. The ruling junta continues to battle armed groups linked to al-Qaeda, while facing criticism from human rights organisations over alleged abuses by its forces and allied militias.

Madagascar is facing mounting unrest as protests continue despite president Andry Rajoelina’s decision to dissolve the government. The move, announced on state television, was intended to ease tensions following demonstrations over widespread water and power shortages. Rajoelina expressed sympathy to families of those killed and acknowledged administrative failings, yet protesters remain unsatisfied, demanding his resignation. Many argue that changing ministers is not enough, since the president himself holds ultimate responsibility. The demonstrations, largely led by Gen Z, represent one of the most serious challenges to Rajoelina’s leadership since his 2023 re-election. Authorities have responded with curfews in Antananarivo and other major cities, and police have repeatedly used teargas and fired rubber bullets at demonstrators. The UN has said that at least 22 have been killed and over 100 injured, though the government disputes these figures.

Innovator Joseph Nguthiru has turned a personal challenge into an award-winning environmental enterprise. In 2021, he and classmates were stranded for hours on Lake Naivasha when water hyacinth, a weed that disrupts fishing, navigation, and irrigation worldwide, blocked their boat. That incident inspired their engineering project to convert the invasive plant into biodegradable products. Nguthiru envisioned ‘one problem solving another’, so launched HyaPak Ecotech Ltd to create eco-friendly alternatives to single-use plastics, including packaging bags and seedling wrappers. HyaPak has already removed over 700 kilograms of hyacinth and partnered with Kenya’s government in a programme to plant 15 billion trees over ten years. Nguthiru has also invented a solar dryer, reviving Kenya’s pyrethrum farming, and leads Adopt a River, which has cleared more than three tons of river waste while educating communities on climate action. He believes lasting change requires grassroots involvement, proving innovation and community engagement can drive sustainable solutions.

The massive 650,000-barrel-per-day Dangote refinery has delivered its first US gasoline export, signalling a new chapter in global fuel trade. The tanker Gemini Pearl discharged about 320,000 barrels of gasoline at Sunoco’s Linden facility in New York harbour, with Vitol purchasing the cargo from Switzerland-based Mocoh Oil and selling most of it to Sunoco. The shipment meets stringent US motor fuel standards, a key milestone for the refinery after many startup delays. Two more USA-bound cargoes are en route. While these exports demonstrate Dangote’s potential to reshape energy flows and reduce Nigeria’s reliance on fuel imports, further US deliveries may pause soon because the refinery’s gasoline unit is expected to undergo two to three months of repairs, according to an industry monitor. Meanwhile, the refinery has also begun direct fuel supplies to marketers in Nigeria, which potentially could put an end to the country's shortages. See

In July, protests over fuel price hikes erupted across Angola, paralysing parts of the capital Luanda and spreading to other provinces. Sparked by a taxi drivers’ strike, these demonstrations quickly turned violent, leaving at least thirty dead and thousands arrested. Many residents now fear speaking openly, wary of reprisals. The unrest exposed deep social and economic inequalities in the oil-rich nation, where youth unemployment stands at 54% and over a third of the population survives on less than £1.50 a day. Young people, frustrated by poverty, corruption, and lack of opportunity, led the protests, which sociologists describe as a response to decades of misgovernance since the civil war ended in 2002. President João Lourenço condemned the violence as foreign manipulation but faces criticism for failing to diversify the economy or curb high inflation. As Angola prepares to celebrate fifty years of independence, many fear further unrest before the 2027 elections if systemic issues remain unaddressed.

Opposition leader Julius Malema has been found guilty of hate speech by the country’s equality court after inflammatory remarks he made at a 2022 rally. The Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) chief, known for provocative statements, said that ‘a revolution demands that at some point there must be killing’, following an incident where a white man allegedly assaulted a party member. The court ruled that while condemning racism is acceptable, these words amounted to incitement to violence. Malema and his party rejected the judgment, saying the words had been taken out of context. The conviction adds to Malema’s history of controversy, including a ban from entering the UK and criticism from Donald Trump for incendiary remarks and songs. His case underscores the continuing struggle with racial tensions in South Africa more than three decades after apartheid ended.

In a camp just outside Lagos, female vaccinators like Eucharia and Aishatu are leading the charge against polio. Though Nigeria was declared free of wild poliovirus in 2020, the country continues to battle outbreaks of vaccine-derived polio (cVDPV), especially in under-immunised and conflict-affected regions. Women have proved indispensable in this effort, often gaining household access where male health workers cannot due to cultural or security concerns. Despite facing mistrust, misinformation, and physical danger, these women build trust through persistence, community dialogue, and personal sacrifice. Many supplement their modest income through small businesses, unintentionally turning polio campaigns into a platform for female empowerment and entrepreneurship. Their efforts have not only improved vaccination rates but also strengthened public health infrastructure and spurred broader social change. While wild polio is now endemic only in Pakistan and Afghanistan, Nigeria’s experience offers vital lessons. Its fight against polio, led by women, supported by community trust, and bolstered by innovative strategies, has reshaped how public health can be delivered in fragile settings.